Introduction to the French Past Infinitive

Rational Choice Theory And Human Behavior - 964 Words

In its simplest form, Rational Choice Theory finds its role in economics, which also plays a big role in human behavior. Most often, people are motivated by money and the possibility of making a profit and will calculate the costs and benefits for them before deciding what to do. While economic theories look at production, distribution and consumption of goods and services, Rational Choice theorists argue that these same principles can be used to understand human interaction where using time, information, approval and prestige as the resources being exchanged. In other words, individuals are motivated by their own personal wants and goals and are driven by personal desires. Since achieving it all is nearly impossible, individuals make choices relative to their goals and means of attaining them. Rational Choice Theory sees individuals as actors who are in a constant state of competition over limited resources and it is in this area that ethnicity is expressed by shared meanings a nd cultural resources such as customs, eating habits, accents and the like. It is most obvious when there is a situation or group conflict that an individual will amp up the importance of their ethnic group membership according to Michael Hechter. Hechter argues that ethnic groups provide a central source of private rewards and punishments which then motivate the members of the group to take collective action. Michael Banton argues that individuals competing alone weaken group boundaries, butShow MoreRelatedThe Rational Choice and Biological Trait Theories Essay1748 Words   |  7 Pages For instance, they should use a couple of criminology theories to help them with certain cases that are more difficult than the rest. The theories that the justice departments should use in their systems are the rational choice and biological theories of criminology. The rational choice theory comes from the classical theory which is based off of personal choice towards criminal behavior. Criminal behavior under the rational choice theory has been due to the free thinking of society and has alwaysRead MoreRational Choice vs. Trait Theory Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesRational Choice Theory VS. Trait Theory Student Name Criminology : Park University Online Program In this essay I will be comparing and contrasting the Rational Choice Theory(s) and the Trait Theory(s). We will start with the history of the two theories and progress toward some of the individual principles in the theories. Next step will be explaining how each theory contributes to criminal behavior. My closing paragraph will concludeRead MoreContemporary Utilization Of Classical Perspective1575 Words   |  7 PagesDeterrence theory, rational choice theory, routine activities theory, and lifestyle theory will be explained and defined thoroughly detailing each theory and provide a historical background, theorist(s) involved, prior literature, scientific methods, results, personal opinions, and policy implications for each theory. These theories are still being utilized in law enforcement in present day enforcement of laws and policies and this paper will describe an in-depth explanation of the theories. CrimeRead MoreTheories of Crime Causation: Trait Theory and Rational Choice Theory1377 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Theories of Crime Causation: Trait Theory and Rational Choice Theory Introduction Theories of crime causation get to the fundamental characteristics of human nature. Theories of crime causation can be separated into trait theories and choice theories. Both types of theories make valid points about the causes of crime, yet they are have different implications for preventing the causes of crime. Thesis: Trait theories and choice theories both assume that humans are self-interested, but their conceptionsRead MoreRational Choice Theory: Criminology901 Words   |  4 PagesChoice theory was born out of the perspective of crime causation which states that criminality is the result of conscious choice. This theory is also known as the rational choice theory. According to this theory, the choice whether or not to commit a criminal act is the result of a rational thought process that weighs the risks of paying the costs of committing a crime, against the benefits obtained. In other words, if the benefits--monetary or otherwise--outweigh the risks of sustaining the costs Read MoreTheories of Crime Causation Essay example1589 Words   |  7 PagesMajor Theories of Crime Causation Robert Lincoln CJ 102-02 Kaplan University August 4, 2013 Major Theories of Crime Causation Various units contain a number of theories that try to explain the causes of crime in the society. The theories have been developed to have an in-depth understanding of the crime and how best they can be addressed to ensure that humans live in a conducive environment. These units and theories have been around and in use from as early as the twentieth century. OverRead MoreRational Choice Theory Of Criminal Behavior Essay1617 Words   |  7 PagesPeople chose all behavior and including all criminal behavior. Which in this case the choices that criminals make brings them pleasure and adrenaline. Criminal choices can be controlled by fear of punishment, but not all the time. The crime will be limited when the benefits are reduced and the costs increase. Rational choice theory is a perspective that holds criminality in the result of conscious choice. Not to mention, that it is predicted that individuals choose to commit crime when the benefitsRead MoreRational Fools : A Critique O f The Behavioral Foundations Of Economic Theory1260 Words   |  6 PagesRational Fools: A Critique of the Behavioral Foundations of Economic Theory written by economist, Amartya Sen, takes a look at behavioral self-interest and its relation to behavioral economics. At the time that this paper was written, behavioral economics was becoming a popular area to explore and economists were trying to figure out how they could apply their research to encourage human flourishing. Sen begins this paper by critiquing the work of Edgeworth, who claimed that the 1st principle ofRead MoreThe Rational Choice Theory1728 Words   |  7 PagesUniversity, CJ102 Criminology Unit Five Midterm Project The Rational Choice theory approach has been used by social and political scientists to put some type of meaning of why humans behave in a certain way. In recent years, rational choice theory has been widely used in other disciplines such as sociology, political science, and anthropology. It has gained influence in politics and sociology over the past thirty years. This choice theory stressed the role of knowledgeable self interest in the decisionRead MoreApplying the Rational Choice Theory to the Movie Taken1533 Words   |  6 Pagescrimes. Several sociologists and criminologists have developed theories that attempt to explain criminal behavior and why it occurs. In earlier times, theories such as biological determinism and phrenology were often used to explain criminal behavior. Those theories have since been proven to be unreasonable and unrealistic. As time passed, sociologists and criminologists created more plausible theories including the rational choice, classical, con flict, labeling, life course, critical, strain,

How Children Acquire Aggressive Reponses - 649 Words

Childhood Aggression Many studies found frustration, various drugs, beliefs, traits and provocation are some influences that effect childhood aggression. Archer (1991) concentrated on biological influence such as norepinephrine, serotonin, cortisol and testosterone. This brief will focus on several theories that elevate aggression and can be positively modified by family and environment. Aggression was defined by Volavka Citrome (1999) as, a physical behaviour that causes psychological or physical harm or damage to objects or living beings. Aggression is often divided into two types one being instrumental, or proactive aggression and is pre-meditated and frequently goal-directed resulting from a lack of emotional sensitivity. In contrast, reactive aggression stems from excess emotional sensitivity and is developed through negative experiences and emotions including anger and anxiety (Tremblay et al., 2005). According to (Bandura, 1983, 2001; Mischel, 1973; Mischel Shoda, 1995), children acquire aggressive responses; either by observing others or by direct experience and this is similar to how they learn any form of social behaviour. Bandura (1983) examined this social learning theory and explained how the observational learning processes and modelling the behaviour of others can escalate the acquisition of aggressive behaviours by children in certain situations. This theory is closely associated to Huesmann’s (1986, 1998) script theory. Huesmann (1986, 1998)Show MoreRelatedConsumer Perspective About Quality Service Provided by Pizza Hut and Dominos21258 Words   |  86 Pagesdeliveries, deliveries accounting for about 70% of their business. Hence their main focus in to acquire and retain and increase the value of their customers. Domino’s Pizza India Limited is a Pizza Retail company spread across India across 85 Locations in 22 Cities. Their Sales Model is Take away and deliveries, deliveries accounting for about 70% of their business. Hence their main focus in to acquire and retain and increase the value of their customers. It holds the complete Customer InformationRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pageseven more powerfully than does the cinema. And figurative drawing even more so, being further from reality than photography is, since it cannot represent the literalness of graphic contours with the accuracy of a photographic image. It is easy to see how this concept of a continuous scale of inverse proportions would lead to countertruths. The truth is that there seems to be an optimal point, film, on either side of which the impression of reality produced by the fiction tends to decrease. On the one

Personal Faith Paper Essay Example For Students

Personal Faith Paper Essay During my entire life I have many experiences as growing up that have shaped my character. I grew up in a single parent household with four other siblings me being the youngest. When growing up in my household my mother always taught us about God and the Bible. I always had a hard time reading the bible and my mother use to take me to bible study classes. I was raised into a Baptist church and went to church every Sunday. My mother worked six days a week but always made sure we went to church on Sundays. My mother would pray with us doing difficult and good times as well. I really didn’t know why prayer was so important growing up but my mother always said this was my time to talk to Jesus. I than began praying at a young age and continue to pray to this day. If we didn’t go to church on some Sundays my mother would still make sure we read the Bible or even look at some church shows on television. I never forget me and my siblings would get so mad at my mother, because we didn’t want to even go to church and just wanted to relax on our Sunday evenings. Growing up reading the bible was still hard for me especially trying to read out of the James King version. My mother even tried getting me the kid version to help me better understand. One experience I can remember when I was in high school trying out for the cheerleading team; this is when God really tested my faith. It was a lot of girls trying out for the team and I was so nervous and imitated as well. I continue to think I wouldn’t make it and mess up in tryout because I was always the shy girl. Just before try outs and the night before I prayed real hard that I make the cheerleading team. I didn’t make it the year before so I already had negative thoughts of not making the team. I end up doing an excellent job for tryouts and made the team with flying colors. I knew then God answered my prayers with no doubts. God was trying to test my faith I just didn’t know it at that time. I was crying with tears of joy when I saw my name on the list and immediately began thanking God for all his blessings. It may seem strange, but the cheerleading season, as well as certain circumstances that happened during the season was beneficial in learning some simple concepts of my Christian faith. My faith was initially introduced to me by my parents and they practiced their faith very often. I learned that every faith involves a decision; it is not about what we claim to believe, but what we actually do believe, that is true faith. Faith is something different to everyone and is a belief. It holds true to every religious and non-religious person. Trust in the Lord with all your heart, and lean not on your own understanding, in all your ways acknowledge Him, And He shall direct your paths† (Proverbs 3: 5-6). That has been one of my favorite passages from the bible, whenever I feel like crying â€Å"Why Me†, I simply read that passage and just tell myself that God has a plan for me. I look at God as my role model and also feel like prayer gives me the time to build my relationship with God. Later, in my young adulthood years I went to church and decided to give myself to the Lord and get baptized. This was the best day of my life. .ud7980ea98bdefc1ea26c2dea19cea67f , .ud7980ea98bdefc1ea26c2dea19cea67f .postImageUrl , .ud7980ea98bdefc1ea26c2dea19cea67f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud7980ea98bdefc1ea26c2dea19cea67f , .ud7980ea98bdefc1ea26c2dea19cea67f:hover , .ud7980ea98bdefc1ea26c2dea19cea67f:visited , .ud7980ea98bdefc1ea26c2dea19cea67f:active { border:0!important; } .ud7980ea98bdefc1ea26c2dea19cea67f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud7980ea98bdefc1ea26c2dea19cea67f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud7980ea98bdefc1ea26c2dea19cea67f:active , .ud7980ea98bdefc1ea26c2dea19cea67f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud7980ea98bdefc1ea26c2dea19cea67f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud7980ea98bdefc1ea26c2dea19cea67f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud7980ea98bdefc1ea26c2dea19cea67f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud7980ea98bdefc1ea26c2dea19cea67f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud7980ea98bdefc1ea26c2dea19cea67f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud7980ea98bdefc1ea26c2dea19cea67f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud7980ea98bdefc1ea26c2dea19cea67f .ud7980ea98bdefc1ea26c2dea19cea67f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud7980ea98bdefc1ea26c2dea19cea67f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Healthy Eating : A Practical Guide EssayI was going through a lot during my young adulthood years and at that time God was the only person I could depend on and turn to. I was a single mother at a young age and later became pregnant which did disappointment my mother, however we did not believe in abortions. After having my daughter, working fulltime, and going school fulltime I really didn’t have the time to go to church as much. I would watch church on television because I working every weekend and continue to pray as usual. As of today I still working fulltime and in school and really don’t have the time but continue to make time for my God. I also involves my children in the word and teach them about the importance of knowing God. I do involve God in my life every day and continue to keep prayer in my daily schedule. My plan is to continue keep God in my life and go to church a little more in my weekly schedule as before. I thank god for him continuing to bless me and my family, and will continue to believe in his word he teaches us in the bible. God had blessed me last year with a new house, car, and this year graduation from the BSN nursing program which I’m excited about his plan for me and my family.

Tchaikovskys Symphony No. 6 Essay Example

Tchaikovskys Symphony No. 6 Essay A Palette of Human Emotions By: Gunnar Moll Peter Illyich Tchaikovsky is one of the most famous Russian composers. He was born in Votkinsk on May 7, 1840 into a middle class family. His family greatly supported his musical interests. They gave him piano lessons and provided him with the instruction of music theory. Their move to St. Petersburg proved to be a significant milestone is Tchaikovsky’s life. It had set the course for Tchaikovskys progress and success in the musical world. From September of 1850 to May of 1859, Tchaikovsky attended the School of Jurisprudence.At this boarding school in St. Petersburg, he received an excellent education and further pursued his interest in music. During this time, he received piano lessons from Rudolf Kundinger, a well known piano teacher, and Luigi Piccioli, an Italian master. Both teachers profoundly influenced Tchaikovsky, especially Piccioli who was one of the first to recognize his talent. It was also at the boarding school that T chaikovsky discovered his sexual orientation. Signs of his homosexuality became apparent, although throughout his life, he tried to keep his homosexuality kept quiet for the risk of a scandal.More inner turmoil followed in 1854 when his mother died. He was so affected with her death that he wrote 26 years later: â€Å"Every moment of that appalling day is as vivid to me as though it were yesterday†. In 1862, Tchaikovsky enrolled in the St. Petersburg Conservatory to focus solely on music. He studied theory and composition, piano, flute and organ under his principal teachers, Anton Rubinstien and Nikolai Zaremba. He also began to compose his first prominent works such as the Characteristic Dances and the String Quartet in B-flat major.After his graduation in 1865, he met opposition with other nationalistic composers due to his studies with the western-oriented Rubinstien. Such disdain for Tchaikovsky’s works was met by a group of the most prominent Russian composers cal led â€Å"The Five†. It wasn’t until Tchaikovsky wrote his fantasy-overture Romeo and Juliet that he gained the appraise of â€Å"The Five†. As a mature composer in 1867, Tchaikovsky produced some of his best works: the Piano Concerto no. 1, Variations on a Rococco Theme for cello, and Swan Lake to name a few. It was also during these years that Tchaikovsky began to struggle more and more with is sexuality.Accepting his supposed orientation, he ironically became effectuated with the Belgain soprano Desiree Artot, claiming that she was the only women he had ever loved. However, their marriage was unsuccessful, leaving Tchaikovsky with feelings of great depression. It is commonly believed that these negative feelings actually enhanced Tchaikovsky’s creativity. He wrote very long, ambitious works such as his Violin Concerto in D Major which was deemed impossible to play at the time. He extensively traveled throughout Europe to compose and promote new works. He eventually went back to Russia to settle down.There, he was awarded a lifetime pension from the Tsar for writing pieces for him. With financial security, he could turn his attention to cultivating his social skills which he lacked. Although he hated public life, he worked on improving his conducting, teaching, and public speaking. Tchaikovsky died in St. Petersburg in 1893, nine days after the premiere of his 6th Symphony. His death has been widely attributed to suicide. The rumor goes that a cholera outbreak had polluted the water supply in St. Petersburg. One had to boil the water to ensure that it was sterile and free of disease.One night after a concert, Tchaikovsky decided against boiling his water and drank it, thus dying of cholera. The general plan of Tchaikovsky’s symphonies includes a very pessimistic first movement, a sad, peaceful second movement, an allegro movement (often in dance form) and a fourth movement full of vigor. His 6th symphony, the Pathetique, is an exception. The themes are broad, decorative, and striking. The orchestration is rich but without any attempt at spectacular effects. The last movement is slow and mournful, and recent research reveals the reason.The Pathetique was only partly finished when news spread of a homosexual encounter Tchaikovsky had with a fellow student. Some believe that the composer finished the symphony as a farewell to life. The scoring is for the standard symphonic orchestra with winds, brass, strings, timpani, and other percussion instruments. It was premiered in St. Petersburg with Tchaikovsky himself leading the orchestra. The 1st movement is in sonata form. The slow introduction to this symphony is unusual in that it begins in the subdominant key E minor, solemnly introduced by the bassoons.It modulates into B minor and the tempo increases for the principal subject. This theme is elaborated and developed, and a march-like motif forms a bridge passage leading to a climax. The strings then in troduce an amorous, song-like second subject in D major. The development section enters with a bang. This section brings no startling thematic growth or transformation, but is highly dramatic and effective nonetheless. A huge recapitulatory climax utilizing the full brass section announces the return of the principal subject. The amorous song is also restated and ends with another dying coda.A descending pizzicato bass provides a background for the brass, which bring the movement to a close. The 2nd movement is in ternary form. This movement begins like a typical Tchaikovsky waltz, except for the unusual feature of a 5/4 time signature broken into 2+3 beats per measure. The first theme in D major, is basically an upward scale with a triplet in the middle, which descends in a similar fashion. The trio begins in the relative minor full of dissonance which creates emotional tension. Tchaikovsky also includes various modulations, thus adding to the effect of the trio.The key of D major returns at the end of the trio, announcing the return of the first theme. The coda consists of the first theme in the bass, and fragments of the trio in the upper parts. The 3rd movement is basically a scherzo in ternary form. It opens in a playful moto perpetuo with the violins and woodwinds. The trumpets then enter with a motive of descending fourths, and a march rhythm takes over the moto perpetuo. This eventually leads on to a march in E major, introduced quietly by the clarinet. Following this is a disappearance of the main rhythm through a syncopated chordal theme.The first group of themes is restated, and the march returns triumphantly following a fanfare of trumpets. The march is then brought to a heroic conclusion in the coda. The finale, marked Adagio lamentoso, is in rondo form. This movement is quite unusual in that it lacks the complexity of the first and is very slow and mournful very uncharacteristic of a final movement. The movement’s principal subject is a d escending idea in B minor created by the criss-crossing of various instruments. The theme is repeated, but the accents are now played by the darker wind instruments like the bassoon.The second subject is introduced by the strings in D major which builds to a climax. The now powerful rhythm stops suddenly as the theme repeats and moves back to B minor. The coda is very long, and consists of the second theme harmonized in a similar way to the first, portraying despair and sorrow. The year in which Tchaikovsky wrote this symphony, 1893, was the year that Russia began to make amends with France. Russia ratified the Duple Alliance and signed a military accord with the French. However, these political events did not influence Tchaikovsky’s sixth symphony at all.The massive culmination of emotion in his sixth symphony stem from his personal experiences at the time. He wrote the symphony in bouts of extreme depression. He tore up many drafts of the score claiming that it was one of t he worst works he had ever written. Strangely, he obsessed over writing the symphony soon after. He was wholly occupied with the work, unable to tear himself away from it. Tchaikovsky’s 6th symphony became one of my favorite orchestral pieces after I played the second violin part in the Connecticut Youth Symphony last year.It is a very emotionally draining work requiring great stamina and energy from everyone. My favorite recording of it would be the one played by the Russian National Orchestra. They seem to capture every nuance of the human emotion from the brooding bassoon introduction to the bombastic march in the 3rd movement. In my opinion, the Symphony Pathetique isn’t a musical experience. It’s more of a reflection on what it is to be human. The symphony forces one to reconnect with joy and sorrow. It serves as a reminder that we are human and even the coldest person can still feel.

Rhetorical Devices in Speech Essays

Rhetorical Devices in Speech Essays Rhetorical Devices in Speech Paper Rhetorical Devices in Speech Paper How does Obama use Rhetorical Devices In his speech effectively to engage his audience? Throughout Beams speech he uses many different examples of rhetorical devices such as alliteration, personification, trial, allusion and an Inclusive pronoun. Alliteration is used effectively In Beams speech. An example would be depths of despair to the greatest heights of hope. The fact that he goes from the worst to the best corrects the listeners minds and provides an Insight Into Just how good things are going for America In Beams eyes. It proves how far theyve come ND gives the listeners hope for even greater things to come In the future. The use of the word despair suggests that there was very little hope for Americas future In the past and reinforces how bad things must have been for them. To then use the word hope suggests bigger and better things to come, it implies the listener that the best is not here yet and there is a lot more to come and although they have already came so far they are still yet to reach the greatness the country is impending. This makes the audience feel hopeful and trustful in the future for their country. Personification is also used effectively. An example of this would be we care so strongly about its future. In this example Obama is talking about America as a country and referring to it as if it is a real life person. The fact he does this gives likeness and attributes of life to the country, and makes it seem unstoppable in a way as Just like a person, America will keep moving forward and develop new ways of doing things and dealing with situations. Personification is much used in visual arts, so Obama using it in this beech works effectively as it immediately makes the audience picture America in their brains and focus on its future rather than its past. The word strongly has synonyms like able, tough, powerful and Vigorous so it seems the perfect word for Obama to use as it not only makes the people of America feel stronger and more united as a country but also makes them believe they can overcome their past and can move forward and achieve all their goals in the future. By using personification Obama animates a lifeless thing; America which creates excitement In the audience s they feel it isnt the end for Americas and again there are greater things to come. Obama also uses Triad in his speech. An example would be we believe In a generous America; In a compassionate America; In a tolerant America. This Is effective as It almost leads to a climax within the audience as each thing he lists that they believe In seems to get better and more appealing to the people. The fact he uses triad makes his message stand out more and become more memorable In the audiences minds. It allows a speaker to express a concept, emphasize It, and then make It memorable. It also makes the audience more trustworthy of Obama as a leader as It shows he doesnt have one singular goal for America and he Isnt looking to Improve lust one thing. They may feel motivated for change as Obama uses such effective words wanly all link together Ana gall almost give America a Tie as en careless ten country the same way you would a person, which may make the audience feel like one with each other and for America to be all these things they must become these things themselves. Allusion is another effective rhetorical device in Beams speech. An example of this is Tonight more than 200 years after a former colony won the right to determine its own destiny. This works well during his speech as he is convincing America how greater things are to come regardless of the great things that have happened for the country so far. The fact he uses this allusion almost proves to the audience Just how much things may change for the good of America as long ago they couldnt even determine their own destiny this makes them believe Just how much of an impact they can have on their own future. He simplifies the idea of hang by using a well-known story to explain Just how greatly things may change for the country. This makes the audience even more hopeful and prepared for the changes to come in the future of their country. Lastly the use of inclusive pronouns works very effectively. An example would be it moves forward because of you. This implies that without the people, America would be nothing and would be at a standstill. This not only makes the audience feel worthy but also as if they all have a role to play in order to keep America together and as one. The use of the word you addresses the mass audience as though they were individuals having a one on one conversation with Obama, by doing this he keeps the whole audience engaged and interested in what he has to say. To conclude it is clear that Obama uses a variety of different rhetorical devices in order to keep his audience engaged and pleased with his speech. He uses all effectively and manages to make the mass audience still feel like an individual by his use of rhetorical devices. Each rhetorical device creates a different impact or emotion on the audience whether it be individuality, worth, important or trust.

A2 EXCEL DRAFT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A2 EXCEL DRAFT - Assignment Example These figures provided the basis for calculation of the individual employee earnings, contributions and benefits as well as the FICA deductions. To provide a cost benefit analysis, both the expenditures incurred by the department and the benefits translated to savings must be computed. The personnel based expenditures include the salaries and wages and Employee benefits contributed by the department. Values for these two items are obtained from the 2014 adopted budget. The company is obliged to make social security contribution of 6.2% and Medicare contribution of 1.45% of the salaries and wages respectively. Additionally, each employee is given a retirement related benefit of 7.5% of salaries and wages. Once these figures are calculated, the recurring costs, one-time costs and recurring savings are calculated based on the assumptions that the pilot experiment will run for a transition period of six months and involves 5 employees only. Additionally, the experiment will be projected for a period of five years after the transitional period. This eventually provides values for present value of costs and the present value of benefits that are then used to calculate the net present Value and the Benefit/cost ratio. Essentially, the figures used for the calculations were obtained from the adopted budget for the county for the 2014 financial year. According to the report the human resource department has a staff FTE of 14, calculated salaries and wages of $993,967 and employee benefits amounting to $255,692. These figures are used to derive the employee benefits, FICA tax withholdings, social security and Medicare contributions. Social security is computed by multiplying 6.2% (rate of withholding) by the salaries and wages. On the other hand the Medicare contributions are calculated by multiplying the salaries and wages by a withholding rate of 1.45%. It is important to note that all categories of deductions (contributions by employer) except